Cavities (Tooth Decay)
What Are Cavities?
Cavities are holes in the teeth caused by caries, which happens when bacteria in the mouth turn sugar into acids. These acids slowly break down the tooth.
Some people are more at risk than others, including:
Those with dry mouths (food isn’t washed away)
People with weaker enamel
Those who eat a lot of sweets
How Can You Tell You Have a Cavity?
Small cavities may cause sensitivity or a slight “tingle” in the teeth.
Sometimes, there is no pain, and your dentist may find the cavity during a check-up.
Toothache often appears only when the cavity has progressed too far.
How Are Cavities Treated?
A tooth has three layers:
Enamel – the hard, outer layer
Dentin – the softer middle layer
Pulp – contains the tooth nerve
Treatment depends on how deep the cavity is:
Enamel only: Usually no filling needed
Dentin: The decayed part is removed and replaced with a filling or porcelain inlay
Nerve (pulp): Root canal may be needed
Severe cases reaching jawbone: Tooth may need to be removed
Preventing Cavities
You can protect your teeth by:
Brushing twice a day with fluoride toothpaste
Flossing or using interdental brushes
Reducing snacking and limiting sweets and fizzy drinks
Visiting your dentist regularly
